NOUN: Common and Proper Noun

NOUN: Common And Proper Noun

Nouns Can Be Classified Into Two Types:

1.      Proper nouns is name any one of a large group of  people, places, or things.

2.      Common nouns is name specific person, place or thing. Proper noun are always capitalized.

Common Nouns	Proper Nouns
Boy	Mohammad
School	Galuh University
Shop	Corner Shop

1.      I helped the woman yesterday.(Common Nouns)

I helped the Zahra yesterday.(Proper Nouns)

2.      I am going to the sea tonight. (Common Nouns)

I am going to Dead Sea tonight. (Proper Nouns)

3.      She will travel to the city next month. (Common Nouns)

She will travel to Ciamis next month. (Proper Nouns)

4.      I am talking with a man now. (Common Nouns)

I am talking with Ahmad now. (Proper Nouns)

References: Mr. Wong Videos

NOUN-Plural of Nouns

Plural of Nouns

Regular nouns form their plural by adding an (s):

A boy into boys

A girl into girls

An elephant into elephants

When regular nouns end in:

(o) a tomato into tomatoes

(s) a bus into buses

(sh) a paintbrush into paintbrushes

(ss) a glass into glasses

(ch)a watch into watches

(x) a fox into foxes

(z)a quiz into quizzes

(y)a family into families

(f)a wolf into wolves

Exception : Foreign words ending in(o) we add (s). e.g: a kilo into kilos, a radio into radios, a piano into pianos.

Note: But some noun ending in (f) or (fe) take only (s) Roof into roofs

Irregular Plurals

A man = men

A woman=women

A child=children

A person=people

A mouse=mice

A foot=feet

A tooth=teeth

A goose=geese

A fish=fish

A sheep=sheep

An ox=oxen

References: Mr. Wong Videos

Noun: Countable-Uncountable Noun-Quantifier

Noun: Countable-Uncountable Noun-Quantifier

Differences between Countable-Uncountable Noun

Count Nouns	Uncount Nouns
They can be counted.                            Example : one apple, two apples, etc.	They can't be counted.                                    Example:milk,water,etc.
they can be plural.                        Example:one orange,two oranges,three oranges, etc.	they can't be plural.                                                                  Example:orange juice,etc.

More examples Countable-Uncountable Noun

Countable Nouns : Dog, cat, animal, person, bottle, box, litre, coin, dollar, cup, table, chair, bag, etc.

Uncountable Nouns: music, art, love, happiness, information, news, furniture, rice, sugar, butter, water, electricity, gas, money, etc.

Note: Drinks ( coffee, water, orange juice ) are usually uncount. But if we are thinking of a cup or a glass, we can say (in a restaurant, for example: two teas, and one coffee, please?)

Quantifier

We can use some and any with count nouns:

(+)I want some bananas.

(?)Do you have any bananas?

(-)They aren’t any bananas.

We can use some and any with uncount nouns:

(+)I want some mineral water.

(?)Do you have any mineral water?

(-)There isn’t any mineral water.

Note:

For offers and request, we can use “some” in questions:

For examples:

Would you like some tea?

Can I have some coffee?

References: Mr. Wong Videos

definition Articles- A, An, The

Articles- A, An, The

Articles There Are 2 Types:

·         Definite

·         Indefinite

First, lets study the rules:

A and an are articles, they are use with singular nouns.

A and an= 1

Such as : a book=1 book

               an apple=1 apple

But how do we know when to use a and when to use an?

It’s simple:

Use a with words that begin with a consonant sound:

a cat/c/        a house/h/    a ball/b/

use an with words that begin with an vowel sound:

an apple/e/    an hour/a/     an interjection/i/

there are example a and an:

a cat                           a truck

an elephant                an airplane

an envelope               an M.B.A

a flower                     a monkey

The Indefinite Article “A” Or “An”

a or an is used with countable nouns to indicate one:

such as:

·         She’s a lawyer.

·         He’s a teacher.

·         A is not used before a plural noun.

(NOT I’ve got a sons)

·         A is not used before uncountable nouns.

(NOT I want a petrol, please)

The Definite Article “The”

·         The is used:

a.       When a word is used a second time:

He gave me a knife and a spoon. The spoon was dirty.

I bought a pen and a some paper, but I left the pen in the shop.

b.      When only one object exist:

The earth, the sun, the river thames

No article or the before names of place

·         A and the is not usually used before names of villages, towns, streets, cities, countries, or continents.

Such as:

She lives in paris.

We went to India.

·         The is used before names of seas, rivers, groups of islands and mountains, kingdoms, republics, deserts, plural names of countries: the atlantic ocean, the river thames, the Netherlands, the artic ( land and sea ), the alps, the united states of America, the united arab emirates, the sahara, the united kingdom, the nile, the gobi desert.

·         We usually say the before the places we visit in a town: the cinema, theatre, disco, opera, post office, bank, names of shops: baker’s, grocer’s, supermarket, chemist, butcher’s, dentist’s, doctor’s and toilet.

Words using  “no article”

·         There is usually no a or the before: school, college, university, home, work, church, bed, hospital, prison town, mosque.

 He doesn’t like going to school.

 I think she’s at home now.

 I usually get to work at 09.30.

Do you go to mosque?

Did you have the baby in hospital.

 References: Mr.Wong Videos